Des chercheurs de chez Microsoft ont créé Capacitivo, un tissu intelligent avec des capteurs capacitifs reliés à une intelligence artificielle. Le système est capable de reconnaître les objets simplement en les posant dessus, et pourrait être utilisé pour suggérer des recettes ou vous prévenir si vous sortez en oubliant vos écouteurs sur la table.
Les textiles interactifs ne sont pas complètement nouveaux, mais jusqu’à présent le développement s’est concentré sur une utilisation « explicite », c’est-à-dire en tant que simple système de commande d’un autre appareil. Des chercheurs de chez Microsoft travaillent actuellement sur un tissu intelligent, capable de reconnaître les objets posés dessus. Ils ont publié leurs résultats dans un article présenté à la conférence UIST 2020.
Baptisé Capacitivo, le tissu contient une grille de 12 par 12 capteurs capacitifs. Le système est capable de reconnaître de nombreux objets comme la nourriture, la vaisselle, et les éléments en plastique ou papier. De plus, Capacitivo peut différencier plusieurs types de fruits, comme le kiwi, l’avocat et le pamplemousse. Il permet même de distinguer des liquides dans un verre, comme de l’eau chaude, de l’eau froide, du cola ou du lait. Le système n’est toutefois pas capable de reconnaître les objets métalliques ou ceux ayant une permittivité faible, comme les livres et cartes bancaires.
Les chercheurs de chez Microsoft montrent le fonctionnement du tissu intelligent Capacitivo. © Microsoft
La fabrication est peu coûteuse, puisque les capteurs sont créés avec un tissu conducteur collé sur un substrat non conducteur en coton à l’aide d’un simple fer à repasser. Les capteurs sont découpés en rangées et l’excédent de la couche retirée, puis reliés en colonnes grâce à un fil conducteur et une machine à coudre. Le tout est relié à un circuit électronique qui traite les signaux grâce à une intelligence artificielle. L’appareil utilise les forêts aléatoires pour reconnaître les objets, une technique d’apprentissage automatique particulièrement adaptée aux appareils peu puissants. Les chercheurs ont ainsi obtenu un taux de reconnaissance de 94,5 % pour les objets utilisés dans leurs essais.
Les chercheurs imaginent déjà de nombreux usages. Capacitivo pourrait suggérer des recettes basées sur les ingrédients posés sur la table, compter les calories consommées, vous prévenir si vous partez en oubliant vos écouteurs sur la table, ou encore surveiller les plantes et signaler quand elles ont besoin d’eau. Les chercheurs suggèrent l’inclusion de capteurs inductifs pour reconnaître les objets métalliques, et le système pourrait même être utilisé comme surface tactile pour commander d’autres appareils.
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