Pour s’assurer que la connaissance amassée par les développeurs contemporains ne se perde pas avec le temps, une entreprise américaine sauvegarde des milliers de lignes de code informatique. Un patrimoine numérique pour les générations futures confié en partie aux bibliothèques d’Alexandrie, d’Oxford et de Stanford, hauts lieux du savoir.
Les mordus de littérature le savent bien : les bibliothèques regorgent de savoirs anciens transmis à travers les siècles. C’est pourquoi l’entreprise américaine GitHub a choisi d’entreposer une collection de registres de codes informatiques dans les bibliothèques d’Alexandrie, d’Oxford et de Stanford. Une initiative originale qui permet de préserver une partie de notre patrimoine numérique pour les générations futures.
GitHub s’est lancé depuis l’été dernier dans un ambitieux programme d’archivage afin que les futurs historiens aient une meilleure compréhension du large spectre de projets open source construits par les développeurs de nos jours. Des milliers de lignes de code informatique ont ainsi été stockées sur des bobines de piqlFilm, un nanofilm photosensible de 35 mm particulièrement résistant à l’usure du temps.
Ces trésors de savoir informatique ont été entreposés dans des coffrets dessinés par Alex Maki-Jokela, un artiste et ingénieur dont le travail repose sur l’impression 3D et l’art généré par l’intelligence artificielle. « Je voulais créer quelque chose qui soit esthétiquement beau, et qui rende hommage à l’esprit des logiciels libres et aux générations de scientifiques et d’ingénieurs qui les ont conçus », explique-t-il dans un communiqué.
En cette ère numérique, nous devons constamment chercher de nouveaux moyens de préserver les informations critiques, comme le code
Trois de ces coffrets ont été confiés aux bibliothèques d’Alexandrie en Égypte, d’Oxford au Royaume-Uni, et de Stanford aux États-Unis, afin que les connaissances et informations amassées ces dernières années par les développeurs du monde ne tombent pas dans l’oubli. « La préservation du savoir est d’une importance cruciale non seulement pour nous qui travaillons à la bibliothèque de Bodley, mais aussi pour la société dans son ensemble. En cette ère numérique, nous devons constamment chercher de nouveaux moyens de préserver les informations critiques, comme le code », souligne Richard Ovenden, qui dirige l’institution britannique, dans un communiqué.
En plus de s’être associé avec ces trois prestigieuses bibliothèques pour préserver les principaux travaux réalisés par la communauté du logiciel libre, GitHub a décidé de conserver 21 terabytes de données informatiques dans un entrepôt construit dans l’archipel norvégien de Svalbard, à 100 mètres de profondeur sous les glaces arctiques. Un lieu atypique pensé pour résister à toutes les intempéries et catastrophes naturelles pendant 1.000 ans.
GitHub veut conserver des données informatiques dans un entrepôt construit dans l’archipel norvégien de Svalbard, à 100 mètres de profondeur sous les glaces. © GitHub
GitHub n’est pas la seule institution à chercher à constituer une archive universelle et pérenne du logiciel. L’Inria s’est associée à l’Unesco en 2016 afin de lancer le projet Software Heritage, qui a pour objectif de collecter, organiser, préserver, et rendre accessible, à tous, le code source de tous les logiciels existants. Une entreprise titanesque qui ambitionne d’aboutir à la création de la « bibliothèque d’Alexandrie » du logiciel.
« Les logiciels sont aujourd’hui au cœur de toutes les activités humaines, de la médecine aux loisirs, des communications à l’agriculture… Il est donc légitime pour Inria de se soucier de la préservation de toute la connaissance liée au logiciel et de la mettre au service de la société, de l’industrie, de la science et de l’éducation », avait déclaré à l’époque Alexandre Petit, P.-D.G. d’Inria.
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